• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    An apparatus and process for the electrostatic spraying of a mixture of a plurality of liquids, suitably liquids which react together rapidly to form a solid, liquids which are physically incompatible, or liquids, such as paints, to provide novel optical effects. The apparatus includes a sprayhead formed with a plurality of channels (4), (6) which communicate with a common outlet means (7). The liquids (A), (B) are supplied to respective channels (4), (6) and meet at the outlet means (7). There they are subjected to an electrical field which causes a mixture of the liquids to be drawn from the sprayhead in the form of one or more filaments, the or each filament containing a mixture of liquids in the proportions equal or substantially equal to the proportions in which the liquids were supplied to the sprayhead.
    公开号:SU1528331A3
    申请号:SU4027031
    申请日:1986-02-18
    公开日:1989-12-07
    发明作者:Джеймс Ноуке Тимоти
    申请人:Империал Кемикал Индастриз Плс (Фирма)；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    This invention relates to electrostatic spraying.
    The purpose of the invention is to enable the effective dispersion of multicomponent reactive liquids.
    FIG. 1 schematically shows a spray head in a first electrostatic cutting device, side view; figure 2 - section
    A-A., In FIG. one; on fig.Z - part of the output edge, p; i spraylnogo heads, depicted on Lig.I and 2, side view.
    in fig. 4 — spray head with electrode elements located near the exit edge; Fig. 5 shows a spray head, the central plate of which is made with a notched output edge; Fig. 6 shows a spray head for mixing three liquids; 7 shows a spray head with an annular outlet means; 8 and 9 show a spray head with different placement of electrodes, and FIG. 1 O and 11 — spray head with conical outlet means; on Fig - spray
    315
    Adequate head with flow to the outlet edge of mixtures of liquids; FIG. 1 3, a spray head with a sharp exit edge; Fig.14 is a variant of the spray head shown in Fig.7.
    Referring to Figures 1-3, the first spray head includes three mutually spaced parallel plates arranged parallel to one another, a central plate 1 and two side plates 2 and 3, the supply channels for the liquid are formed by the space between each pair adjacent plates. Thus, the space between the plates 1 and 3 forms the first channel 4, with which the distribution channel 5 and the inlet 6 communicate, in turn, communicated with the means for feeding component A (not shown). The second channel 7 is formed by the space between the plates 1 and 2 and communicates with the distribution channel 8 and the inlet 9, communicated in turn with the means for feeding component B (not shown). The widths of each of channels 4 and 7 are approximately 150 microns. As shown in FIG. 2, the central plate 1 is provided with an output edge 10 protruding with respect to the output edges 11 and 12 of the respective side plates 2 and 3. The portion of the spray head containing you

    the opening edges 11 and 12 of the side plates 2 and 3 and the outlet edge 10 of the central plate 1 form the discharge means of the spray head. Each plate 1-3 is made of

    conductive or semiconducting material, including the surfaces of these plates in the outlet means. The plates are connected to the output terminal of a voltage generator (not shown), which provides an output voltage of approximately 40 kV.
    Spray head (Fig.1-3) works as follows.
    The coated article 13 is grounded and placed approximately 5 cm below the spray head (Figures 1 and 2). The generator is turned on, the liquid from the component A supply means is fed through the inlet 6, and the liquid from the component B supply means is fed through the inlet 9.
    The fluid (component) And from the inlet pipe 6 enters the distribution
    -
    -.Q 20 5
    35
    40

    50
    55
    1L
    The body channel 5, and then down through channel 4, at the same time, liquid (component) B from inlet 9 flows into channel 8 and further down through channel 7. When the output means of the spray head is reached, liquid A from channel 4 moves past the lower output side plate edges 12
    3 and then runs down one surface of the central plate 1. Fluid B from channel 7 moves past the lower edge 11 of side plate 2
    and then flows down the opposite surface of the central plate 1. Fluids A and B are mixed together at the bottom as soon as they reach the lower output edge 10 of the central plate 1.
    The potential that fits the plates 1-3 from the generator creates a high intensity electric field (corresponding to approximately 8 kV / cm) at the output edge 10 of the central plate 10. The effect of this field is to draw fluids A and B draining from the edge 10 As p and yes, monofilaments 14 interconnected from each other (Fig. 1). The distance between adjacent mononiths 14 is determined by the size of the electrostatic field, the properties of the liquids and the flow rates. Mixing takes place between fluids coming from channels
    4 and 7. Fluids flow down between. lines G – G, H – H (FIG. 3) are drawn in the form of monofilament 14 between these two lines, containing a mixture of liquids in a proportion equal to or substantially equal to the proportion in which they were fed into the device. Mixed liquids A and B in the hypoxic monofilament 14 are gradually destroyed into small droplets 15 due to the instability of the liquid jet in the air.
    The spray head in Fig. 4, as well as the cushioning head in Fig. 2, contains a central plate 16 and two side plates 17 and 18, which limit the supply channels 19 and 20 for supplying the respective fluids A and B. The output edge 21 of the central the plate 16 is sharp and protruding relative to the exit edges 22 and 23 of the respective side plates 17 and 18.
    The spray head (Fig. 4) contains two mutually separate each other parallel-mounted electrodes 24 located adjacent to the output edge 21 of the central plate 16. Each of the electrodes 24 npoxojx is parallel to the edge 21 and each electrode is supported by an insulating arm 25. Each electrode 24 It contains a core of conductive or semiconducting material enclosed in a coating with an electrical strength exceeding 15 kV / mm, a volume resistivity in the range of -5x10 Ω cm, and a thickness of 0.75-5 mm. This is enough
    When this spray head (Fig. 5) is working, one monofilament 28 of the pen is formed on each tooth, if the teeth are not too close to each other, in this case some teeth will not form monofilaments, or if the teeth are too far apart, in this case In this case, some teeth may form more than one monofilament.
    The spray head shown in Fig. 6 contains two inner plates 29 and 30 and two outer plates.
    to prevent electrical discharges 31 and 32, which are jointly between the electrodes and the spray head.
    On the other hand, the volume resistivity is low enough to allow the charge, accumulated on the surface of the protective material, to pass through this material to the core. The resistivity of the electrode coating is -5 x 10 ohm-cm. five
    Between each electrode 24 and the output edge 21, there is a gap of three channels 33-35 for the respective fluids A, C, B. On the inner plates 29 and 30 there are exit edges that are sharp and. which are located a short distance along or below the exit edges of the outer plates 31 and 32.
    The spray head (6) works as follows.
    When fluid A is supplied to channel 33, it moves past the lower edge of the outer plate 31, and then flows down one surface of the inner plate 29 to the exit edge of the plate. Fluid from duct 35 also flows down to the exit edge of the inner plate 30. At the exit edges of the inner plates 29 and 30, fluids from ducts 33 and 35 meet and mix with the fluid flowing down through duct 34.
    10 mm, and the two electrodes 24 are located one distance from another at a distance of approximately 8-20 mm.
    The spray head (figure 4) works as follows.
    The coated product is grounded. Plates 16-18 are maintained at an electrical potential of 25-30 kV, and electrodes are maintained at a potential of 10-40 kV. Alternatively, plates 16-18 may be at a potential of 1-20 kV, and electrodes 24 at a potential of earth or close to it.
    From the channels 19 and 20, the fluids A and B flow down along the respective opposite surfaces of the plate 16 until they meet at the outlet edge 21 where they are mixed.
    The presence of electrodes allows the electrostatic field to be intensified at the outlet edge 21 and, consequently, contributes to the finest grinding of a mixture of liquids flowing from this edge.
    The spray head shown in Fig. 5 corresponds to the spray head shown in Fig. 2, except that the central plate 26 has an outlet edge 27 which is more toothed than straight.
      31 and 32, which together
    20 5
    five
    0
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    There are three channels 33-35 for the corresponding fluids A, C, B. On the inner plates 29 and 30 there are exit edges that are sharp and. which are located a short distance along or below the exit edges of the outer plates 31 and 32.
    The spray head (6) works as follows.
    When fluid A is supplied to channel 33, it moves past the lower edge of the outer plate 31, and then flows down one surface of the inner plate 29 to the exit edge of the plate. Fluid from duct 35 also flows down to the exit edge of the inner plate 30. At the exit edges of the inner plates 29 and 30, fluids from ducts 33 and 35 meet and mix with the fluid flowing down through duct 34.
    Fig. 7 shows a spray head with an annular outlet means, which is made in the form of coaxially installed pipes, and each channel is formed by an annular space between two adjacent pipes. The pipes are internal 36, intermediate 37 and external 38 guide elements.
    The first channel 39 is formed between the inner guide element 37. The second channel 40 is formed between the outer 37 and intermediate 38 guide elements. The projectile element is positioned so that its output edge protrudes at a short distance relative to the outlet edges of the inner 36 and outer 38 guiding elements.
    When the spray head in accordance with Fig.7, the mixing of liquids supplied through the channels 39 and 40, occurs on the output edge
    intermediate guide element 37 in the manner described.
    Fig. 8 shows a spray head in which channels 41 and 42 are bounded by vertical 43, central 44 and side 45 plates of insulating material. In this case, the electrode 46 is formed with the help of a metal insert on the output edge of the central plate 43.
    When this spray head is operating, an intense electrostatic field is formed at the exit edge of the central plate 43 by imposing a suitable potential on the electrode.
    Figure 9 shows a spray head, which has three plates of insulating material, forming two channels for liquids. In this case, electrodes 47 and 48 are provided, each of which is in contact with the fluid in the respective channel and is used to form an intense electric field at the lower edge of the central plate.
    The spray head shown in FIG. 9 may be modified by using only one of the electrodes 47 and 48.
    Figures 10 and 11 depict a spray head comprising a body 49 of conductive material that has a substantially conical tip. Four channels 50-53 for liquids are provided in the housing. Each of the channels 50-53 passes through the housing 49 to the outlet in the conical tip.
    In operation of this spray head, four fluids are supplied to the respective channels 50-53, found in the outlet of the conical tip. At the tip, liquids are mixed and exposed to an electrostatic field, causing them to be drawn into filaments (monofilaments).
    Fig. 12 shows a spray head comprising vertical plates 54-58, forming four channels 59-62. Plates are made of insulating material. The electrode 63 is provided on the lower output edge of the central plate 56.
    The spray head shown in FIG. 12 is designed for
    five
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    five
    Two fluids, A and B, whose physical properties make it difficult to mix thoroughly.
    When this spray head is operating, the first liquid A is fed into the channels 59 and 61, and the second liquid B is fed into the channels 60 and 62. Fluids A and B in the respective channels 59 and 60 meet on the lower output edge of the plate 55, and liquids A and B in the respective channels 61 and 62 are similarly found on the lower edge of the plate 57. Mixing begins when the liquids flow down the corresponding opposite. the sides of the plate 56 and continues when two separate mixtures meet at the lower edge of the plate. The liquids are then exposed to an intense electric field, which causes the smallest atomization.
    The spray head depicted in Fig. 12 can also be used to mix four different liquids, for example, in order to achieve the desired optical effect on the target. In this case, liquids A, B, C, D are fed through the corresponding channels 59-62.
    Fig. 13 depicts a spray head, which is also particularly suitable for blending liquid bladders, which in practice are difficult to use to achieve thorough blending.
    It should be noted that any two liquids that flow into the outlet means of the spray heads described are charged with the same polarity as they move in a direction where one of the liquids is in contact with the other. For example, in the spray head depicted in Figures 1-3, fluids flowing down the respective opposite sides of the central plate are charged with the same polarity until they reach the exit. edge 10 of this plate. As a result, liquids tend to drop each other when they meet at edge 10. Therefore, in extreme cases, two liquids can flow out of edge 10 as separate streams.
    To eliminate this problem, it is possible to use plastics from
    the molding material (Fig.9) with the placement of the electrode in only one of the channels between the plates. One of the liquids is then charged and the other is emptied. However, this may lead to the fact that the charged fluid is deflected to the side as it moves: down past the electrode elements located adjacent to the spray head.
    The execution on the central plate of a sharp exit edge (namely, a small internal angle between the respective opposite sides of the plate at its exit edge) leads to the formation of a more intense electric field in the immediate vicinity of the spray head. It improves spraying. On the other hand, sharpening the output edge has the result that there is a wide range of angular directions with a high potential gradient. Therefore, the fluid flowing out of the spray head tends to disperse at a wide angle.
    In contrast, a blunt output edge (i.e., an output edge having a large internal angle between the respective opposite sides of the plate at the output edge) leads to the formation of a less intense electric field, but to a well-directed flow.
    Referring to FIG. 13, the spray head has an intermediate guide element in the form of a central plate 64 and external guide elements in the form of side plates 65 and 66, forming channels 67 and 68. The exit edge 69 of the central plate 64 is sharp, i.e. . between the respective opposite sides of the plate 64 at the edge 69 has 10-60. The output edges 70 and 71 of the respective side plates 65 and 66 are located on a 2-3 mm wide edges 69 of the central plate 64. The angle in the radial direction between the outer sides of the side plates 65 and 66 is 00-150 °.
    When using the spray head shown in Fig. 13, the sharp edge 69 of the central plate 64 results in an intense electric field sufficient for good spraying.
    0
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    At the same time, a large angle between the outer sides of the respective side plates 65 and 66 leads to the formation of an electric field such that there is a high potential gradient from top to bottom or mainly from top to bottom. Fluids therefore flow from the spray head in the form of a narrow, well restricted flow;
    The spray head depicted in FIG. 13 may contain plates of conductive or semiconducting material, or may contain insulating plates with electrodes in the form of metal inserts.
    On Fig depicts a variant of the spray head shown in Fig.7.
    The spray head in accordance with FIG. 14 has an intermediate tubular element corresponding to element 37 (FIG. 7), located 2-3 mm below the exit edges of the inner and outer elements. An angle of 20 ° is chosen between the outer and inner sides of the intermediate element in the radial direction, and an angle of 90 is chosen between the outer side of the outer element and the inner side of the inner element in the radial direction.
    Satisfactory results can be obtained in the same way as for the spray head of FIG. 13, with angles between the outer and inner sides of the intermediate element 10-60 and already 80-150 between the outer side of the outer element and the inner side of the BHVTpeHHero element.
    In each of the said spray heads, an electric field of 5-30 kV / cm is strong enough to draw liquids from the spray heads in the form of filaments (monofilaments).
    Each of the spray heads (FIGS. 4-14) may be equipped with electrode elements, as in the spray head shown in FIG. 4. In the case of the spray head shown in FIGS. 7 and 14, annular electrode elements are provided,
    Each of the devices described can be used to mix a variety of different liquids.
    First, the device is suitable for COVERING products with a material obtained 15
    of a mixture of two-liquid components that interact quickly with the formation of a solid. However, the reaction time should be sufficient for each filament flowing from the spray head to remain in liquid form until the filament becomes unstable and is destroyed by the charged liquid droplets. After the droplets have sat down on the product being cured, curing should occur.
    As liquids that can be used, monomers and / or prepolymers with a catalyst or
    without them, blowing agents and pigments.
    Examples of such compounds are polymeric foams, such as polyurethane, where the liquid components are polyol and di-isocyanate, one or both of which is dissolved in a blowing agent, fast curing with a two-pack paint, thin polymer films, such as silox coatings, where the liquid components are 50% polysiloxane dissolved in a solvent with a 4% platinum catalyst, and 50% siloxane also dissolved in a solvent with 4% reticulated polysiloxane, and two-packaged adhesive compositions and.
    A product or target (object) covered with such materials can be held in hand. In this case, the device is especially suitable for use in coating products of complex shape. Hard coatings are easy to apply. Alternatively, the product may be a sheet moving along a production line. In this case, the spray head is particularly suitable with a linearly disposed outlet opening perpendicular to the direction of movement of the sheet.
    Secondly, each of the described devices can be used to make products in the form of pellets (balls) or monofilaments. In the case of pellets (balls), the liquid components must. to interact with the formation of solids after each monofilament is broken into charged liquid droplets, but before these droplets have settled on the object, In the case of monofilament production, the liquid components must
    12
    interact with each other to form a solid monofilament, as each monofilament from the spray head could get time to break into charged small droplets. The resulting monofilament is continuously wound onto the caliper at the speed of the manufacturing process. To do this, you can use liquids, possessing a fast reaction time.
    Third, each of the devices described can be used to disperse physically incompatible liquids. For example, in agriculture and in other areas of spraying where it may be desirable to disperse the colloid and the liquid together, which, in contact with
    colloid should cause flocculation. With this device, the colloid is not in contact with the liquid until they come out of the spray head. In this case, the colloid does not have time for destruction under the influence of flocculation. In addition, each device can be used to spray a liquid whose electrical properties, such as resistivity, would otherwise make the liquid unsuitable for electrostatic spraying. In this case, the device is supplied with a spray liquid and a liquid carrier with a corresponding resistivity.
    Such a device can be used for agricultural spraying.
    Any of the described devices can be equipped with a nozzle (not shown) connected to a gas source and installed in the vicinity of the space between the discharge means and the coated electrode.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    Invention Formula
    I. A device for electrostatic spraying of liquids containing a spray head made with channels separated from each other, each of which communicates with the output means, and means for affecting the liquid exiting the output means with an electrostatic CMM field of sufficient power The fluids are sprayed out of the spray head in the form of at least one monofilament, characterized in that, in order to enable the effective dispersion of multicomponent reactive liquids, The device is equipped with means for feeding the components to the respective channels so that the liquids meet in the outlet means and the monofilament or each monofilament contains a mixture of liquids in proportions equal to or substantially equal to the proportions in which they were supplied to the device.
    [2]
    2. The device according to claim 1, wherein the spray head is made up of a series of plates interconnected from each other, and - each channel is formed between a pair of adjacent plates.
    [3]
    3. The device according to claim 1, wherein the spray head is made in the form of central and side plates, with the output edge of the central plates protruding relative to the output edges of the side plates.
    [4]
    4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the output edge of the central plate is made with a sharpening angle smaller than the angle formed by the outer sides of the side plates.
    [5]
    5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the angle of the exit edge of the central plate is selected 10-60 °, and the angle between the outer sides of the plates is 80-150.
    [6]
    6. The device according to claim 1, wherein the spray head is made in the form of coaxially installed pipes, and each channel is formed by an annular space of section between two adjacent pipes.
    [7]
    7. The device according to claim 6, wherein the spray head is formed by internal, intermediate and external guiding elements, the discharge means comprise axially arranged external edges protruding sequentially one relative to another in the direction inner guide element.
    [8]
    8. The device according to claim 7, which is different from the fact that the angle between the opposite sides of the spacing of the guide element 5 is axial to its outer edge.
    0
    0
    five
    0
    five
    less than the angle in the radial direction between the outer side of the outer guide member and the inner side of the inner guide member.
    [9]
    9. The device according to claim 8, about aphids, so that the angle between the opposite sides of the intermediate guide element is chosen 10-60 °, and the angle in the radial direction between the outer side of the outer. 80–150 ° is selected as the internal guide element and the inner side of the inner direction of the young element.
    [10]
    10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the spray head is made with a conical tip, and each channel passes through the body of the head to the outlet opening in the tip.
    [11]
    11. The device according to claims 1-10, which is characterized by the fact that the outlet means is made of semiconducting material.
    [12]
    12. A device as claimed in Claims 1-10, characterized in that the discharge means is made of a non-electrostatic material, and the electrode is installed at least within one channel; the means for exposing the liquid to an electrostatic field comprises means for positioning the electric potential to said electrode .
    [13]
    13. A device according to Claims 1-11, characterized in that the electrode is mounted next to the spray head, and the means for exposing the liquid to an electrostatic field comprises means for applying the first potential to the liquids and means for maintaining the second potential on the electrode and the difference between the first and second potentials is sufficient to cause the formation of said monofilament (s).
    [14]
    14. The device according to claim 13 is distinguished by the fact that the electrode
    contains a core of conductive or semiconducting material, protected by a material with electrical strength and volume resistivity, high enough to prevent arcing between the electrode and the spray head, and with volume resistivity, it is enough
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    0
     152833
    low in order to allow the charge that accumulates on the surface of the protective material to pass through this material to the conductive or semiconducting core,
    [15]
    15. A device according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrode coating is selected from a material with a volume resistivity of 510-540 ohm "cm and electrical strength exceeding 15 mm and a thickness of 0.75-5.0 mm.
    ten
    1 / f P
    / 4I | M | l | im | l | | inn
    0
    one
    [16]
    16. The device according to claim 14, characterized in that the electrode is made of semiconducting material, and the coating is selected with a volume resistivity of 5 10 - 5 x X 10 Ohm-cm with a thickness of 1.5-3 mm.
    [17]
    17. The device according to PP.13-16, which is equipped with a nozzle connected to a gas source and installed close to the space between the discharge means and the coated electrode.
    ten
    ig. /
    15
    75p
    Fig.Z
    Ik
    26
    yy
    24
    figm
    5
    J /
    29
    Fy
    31
    thirty
    ig.6
    46
    V
    Fig.8
    9
    Fig.Yu
    .eleven
    类似技术:
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    DE3650046D1|1994-10-06|
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    EP0194074A1|1986-09-10|
    AU5341186A|1986-08-28|
    JPH09290179A|1997-11-11|
    CA1244299A|1988-11-08|
    NO860588L|1986-08-20|
    PL258017A1|1986-10-21|
    DE3650046T2|1994-12-15|
    JP2556471B2|1996-11-20|
    DK173707B1|2001-07-09|
    PL157213B1|1992-05-29|
    HK1004538A1|1998-11-27|
    FI860725A|1986-08-20|
    ZA861004B|1986-09-24|
    HUT40933A|1987-03-30|
    FI84026B|1991-06-28|
    GB8504254D0|1985-03-20|
    ES552176A0|1986-11-16|
    GR860469B|1986-06-05|
    KR860006291A|1986-09-09|
    AU593234B2|1990-02-08|
    NZ215181A|1989-11-28|
    US4801086A|1989-01-31|
    IE860407L|1986-08-19|
    DK77786D0|1986-02-19|
    PT82045A|1986-03-01|
    AT110594T|1994-09-15|
    FI860725A0|1986-02-18|
    EP0194074B1|1994-08-31|
    JPS61227863A|1986-10-09|
    CN86101308A|1986-09-17|
    FI84026C|1991-10-10|
    PT82045B|1992-10-30|
    ZM2686A1|1986-09-29|
    CZ282857B6|1997-11-12|
    SK112586A3|1998-06-03|
    IL77898A|1991-11-21|
    ZW3886A1|1987-09-23|
    KR930010187B1|1993-10-15|
    SK279065B6|1998-06-03|
    ES8700971A1|1986-11-16|
    CZ112586A3|1997-07-16|
    DK77786A|1986-08-20|
    IE64865B1|1995-09-20|
    EG17766A|1990-08-30|
    CN1005615B|1989-11-01|
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    引用文献:
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    GB1281512A|1968-04-19|1972-07-12|Henry W Peabody Ind Ltd|Improvements in and relating to methods of and apparatus for coating|
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    JPS6057907B2|1981-06-18|1985-12-17|Kogyo Gijutsuin|
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    法律状态:
    2005-05-10| REG| Reference to a code of a succession state|Ref country code: RU Ref legal event code: MM4A Effective date: 20040219 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    GB858504254A|GB8504254D0|1985-02-19|1985-02-19|Spraying apparatus|
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